Our study highlighted the research characteristics of viral hepatitis research in SEA. In this paper, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to determine characteristics and trends of viral hepatitis research in Southeast Asia (SEA). In the United States, hepatitis C infection is the most common cause of liver cancer due to the greater number of Americans infected with this virus, while in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, chronic hepatitis B infections are the most common cause. Autoimmune hepatitis that goes untreated can cause permanent scarring of the liver tissue (cirrhosis). All of the hepatitis viruses are liver infections, but different viruses cause each type of infection. Hepatitis occurs as three different viruses - hepatitis A, B and C - and it might happen for several different reasons. The different viruses have similar symptoms, but they are transmitted differently, and they have different impacts on the liver. Live vaccines are generally thought to be more effective than killed ones, so the nonliving variety have additives called adjuvants that help to increase their effectiveness. Most times, hepatitis A is spread from food, beverages or objects that are contaminated by tiny traces of stool from a person with the virus.
Signs and symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis vary from person to person and may come on suddenly. A patient that has severe complications from chronic hepatitis C may be a candidate for a liver transplant. A patient will be considered cleared of hepatitis C if blood tests three months after treatment show no virus in the blood. Lymphocytes can live for weeks, months or years. Generally, symptoms will last for less than two months, although some people may experience them for up to six months. Physicians will use specific medications to treat the virus depending on the genotype, the amount of liver damage and any other medical conditions that may be present. Food can become contaminated with stool in areas where the water supply is poorly regulated or where people live in unsanitary conditions or have poor personal hygiene. Hepatitis B vaccines have been in childhood shots for decades. Without treatment, cases caused by HBV can resolve (uncommon), progress rapidly, or progress slowly to cirrhosis over decades. Cases have been rising, a trend linked to the heroin and opioid epidemic. During a news conference Saturday, facility representatives said an investigation determined that “a handful of people who have been removed” were mostly responsible for the lapses that occurred.
Since the program is using preexisting healthcare infrastructure, it should be ensured that the healthcare facility that is designated as a treatment center is provided with rapid diagnostic kits for screening, machinery required for lab investigation, drugs, and a well-developed Health Management Information System (HMIS) portal. A health care worker feeds a catheter down the guide wire. The last component as training and capacity building would be a continuous process and will be supported by National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), the Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), and state tertiary care institutes and coordinated by NVHCP. But vaccination also is recommended for adults at high risk of infection, including people who inject drugs, health care workers and jail inmates. Chronic infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are well-recognized risk factors for cirrhosis and liver cancer, but estimates of their contributions to worldwide disease burden have been lacking. About half the people with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis have other autoimmune disorders, such as celiac disease, rheumatoid arthritis or ulcerative colitis. Treatment options will vary by the type of hepatitis you have.
When an emergency blood transfusion is necessary and the recipient's blood type is unknown, anyone can get type O- blood transfused since type O- blood has no antigen on its surface that could react with antibodies in the recipient’s plasma. This underlines the importance of testing antithyroid antibodies. Although 13/22 of our patients developed histological signs of autoimmune gastritis during the 12-month period of therapy, in the majority of cases, these signs regressed in the following year. Program management units should disburse screening kits in a planned way for maximum utilization; this includes the distribution of kits in a tiered manner by following a top-to-bottom approach. With the program being in its fourth year, a few challenges have been faced in successfully implementing it. The scope of such workshops needs to be broadened to include program managers, data entry operators, and peer supporters in order to have well-oriented and accountable staff at every level. The SVHMU assigns a nodal officer for program implementation at the state and district levels and develops PIP to be discussed and improvised after the approval from NVHMU. There is a necessity for regular monitoring and conducting evaluation meetings and visits, as this can help understand the strengths and gaps in the implementation of the program at the grassroots level.
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